Eastern Security Network (ESN) of IPoB: The Route for Combating Insecurity in Igboland, 2020-2025

Abstract

The study investigated the Eastern Security Network (ESN) established by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPoB) as a response to insecurity in Igboland. Using primary and secondary sources alongside qualitative and thematic approaches, the research explored the dynamics behind the ESN’s formation, its structure, and activities in the region. It is a conscious interrogation of why instead of commending the giant stride of IPoB and synergizing with its ESN, the government of Nigeria and some leaders of the Southeast chose to declare destructive attacks on the outfit. Yet, similar local security networks in other regions of Nigeria are supported by the Nigerian forces, and mobilized by leaders of their regions to combat insecurity. Close investigations, using Securitization and Social Movement Theories revealed that ESN is a complex and rare occurrence driven by a desire for self-defense and security in the face of perceived government inattention, resulting in among other violations, kidnapping, banditry, and herdsmen attacks in Southeastern Nigeria. It is further discovered that ESN consists of non-state actors with objectives of protecting Igbo communities, defending Igbo interests and promoting self-defense in Igboland and other parts of the perceived areas of the defunct Republic of Biafra. Critical analysis unveiled that the influence of Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders’ Association of Nigeria that represents the interests of Fulani herdsmen and the determination of Nigerian government to destroy IPoB by all means are the factors for launching organized attacks on the ESN. It is the position of the paper that the aggression demonstrated against ESN emanated from what IPoB stands for in the country and the influence of the Miyetti Allah on Nigeria to defend and protect the Fulani herdsmen.